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- topic: American History- Winthrop, Hutchinson
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- Political Morality
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- In Webster's dictionary, morality is defined as "principles
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- of right and wrong in conduct; ethics." The principles of
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- morality have countless times evolved over the ages. In earlier
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- times, death was an easy penalty for many crimes. These crimes
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- today are considered minor and are penalized with a slap on the
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- hand. Is this considered wrong? Who is the correct authority to
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- consult on what is right or wrong? In today's society, two major
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- factors concern how the way members of society act and behave.
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- The first is our national government.
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- Members of our government in positions of authority decide
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- everything in our lives in the form of laws which determine our
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- behavior. One of the most important documents written by our
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- government is the Declaration of Independence. The monarchy was
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- taking away power from the colonists and putting more demands on.
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- In return, the colonists declared their freedom from their
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- tyrant. In this document, it states, "All men are created equal;
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- that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable
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- rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of
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- happiness." The great men who wrote this down had a strong sense
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- of morals. They believed that men were given rights by God that
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- no one could take away. This is essential to the issue of
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- morality because it determines the rights- that are agreed upon
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- all- are wrong.
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- This brings us to religion. Religion is a major contributor
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- to how we think and act because it mirrors our beliefs in what we
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- hold as right or wrong. An example of this is the native tribes
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- of africa and South America where a number of tribes practice
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- cannibalism. While this is considered a sin in most christian
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- religions, the tribes have evolved into cannibalism as a way to
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- survive in life and have no objections to their eating habits.
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- The problem arises when the line between government and religion
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- is crossed. While religion does not have to power to punish one
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- physically, but rather soulfully of one has sinned. The
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- government has the power to sentence punishment, yet should have
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- no power concerning God.
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- Many different religions have evolved all over the world and
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- in the process, have people have been prosecuted in their faith.
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- The first settlers in the new world came here to avoid
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- prosecution from the powerful church/government of that time.
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- Specifically, the Church of England headed by the king. Puritan
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- leaders led their followers to a place where they could express
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- their religion with no fear of other faiths. One such leader was
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- John Winthrop.
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- John Winthrop was a powerful Puritan governor in the colony
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- of Massachusetts Bay. He believed that this was a calling from
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- God for him to lead the new religious experiment-a covenant with
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- God to built a model for mankind. "We shall be a city upon the
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- hill." declared Winthrop. As governor Winthrop held considerable
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- power. He distrusted the commoners and thought democracy was the
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- "meanest and worst" forms of government. Anyone who brought
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- trouble or had indifferent thought were severely punished to
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- "save their soul." As one of his extensions of his powers he
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- banished Roger Williams, a popular Salem minister with radical
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- ideas and an unrestrained tongue, and Mistress Anne Hutchinson, A
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- strong willed women who challenged the authority of the clergy by
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- stating the truly saved need not bother to obey the laws of God
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- or man.
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- Several problems arise throughout this banishment. I am
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- for a democratic society in which one can express his or her
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- thoughts without the fear of prosecution. They did not have the
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- luxury of this. The need for the expressment of ideas is
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- essential for a growing environment. If no growth is made, then
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- expansion of the community is halted to a standstill. The limit
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- of new idea's must have a point, though. In recent news, the
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- Unabomber has issued a ultimanium with his manuscript. In the
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- past, such a request would have been rediculous. In his
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- manuscript he expresses his view on the evils of technology.
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- While a citizen is entitled to free speech and press, threatening
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- murder is not such an option. There must be limits set. In
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- colonial times these limitations were set by John Winthrop. Total
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- obedience was required and disobedience was not tolerated;
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- therefore, Williams and Hutchinson were banished. I understand
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- the reasoning behind his motives, but his limits were set too
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- low. There was no room for free speech and thinking.
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- Morals today have been declining and declining. As
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- independant thoughts have now been tolerated, so have thoughts
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- against basic humane rights. More today than any other period
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- murders and rapists are being convicted and released from jail.
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- Attendance at churches pail considerably from the height of it's
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- popularity. The people have better things to do and church is
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- just not the thing to do these days. The government is a mess of
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- bureaucracy and misuse of power. In two words-Bob Packwood. The
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- national deficit is at trillions and shows no signs of
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- improvement. Money is spent in needless ways with lobbyists
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- bribing officials for personal causes that have no implications
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- with the common people. The cause of representing the common
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- people is practically non-existent. These are just some of the
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- examples of how the morals in today's society have declined in
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- the cause of "personal rights."